5,788 research outputs found
Bayesian Ages for Early-Type Stars from Isochrones Including Rotation, and a Possible Old Age for the Hyades
We combine recently computed models of stellar evolution using a new
treatment of rotation with a Bayesian statistical framework to constrain the
ages and other properties of early-type stars. We find good agreement for
early-type stars and clusters with known young ages, including beta Pictoris,
the Pleiades, and the Ursa Majoris Moving Group. However, we derive a
substantially older age for the Hyades open cluster (750+/-100 Myr compared to
625+/-50 Myr). This older age results from both the increase in main-sequence
lifetime with stellar rotation and from the fact that rotating models near the
main-sequence turnoff are more luminous, overlapping with slightly more massive
(and shorter-lived) nonrotating ones. Our method uses a large grid of
nonrotating models to interpolate between a much sparser rotating grid, and
also includes a detailed calculation of synthetic magnitudes as a function of
orientation. We provide a web interface at www.bayesianstellarparameters.info
where the results of our analysis may be downloaded for individual early-type
(B-V<~0.25) Hipparcos stars. The web interface accepts user-supplied parameters
for a Gaussian metallicity prior and returns posterior probability
distributions on mass, age, and orientation.Comment: 11 pages, 6 figures, ApJ accepted. Error fixed: ages -> ~15% younger.
bayesianstellarparameters.info update
Rotating Stellar Models Can Account for the Extended Main Sequence Turnoffs in Intermediate Age Clusters
We show that the extended main sequence turnoffs seen in intermediate age
Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) clusters, often attributed to age spreads of
several hundred Myr, may be easily accounted for by variable stellar rotation
in a coeval population. We compute synthetic photometry for grids of rotating
stellar evolution models and interpolate them to produce isochrones at a
variety of rotation rates and orientations. An extended main sequence turnoff
naturally appears in color-magnitude diagrams at ages just under 1 Gyr, peaks
in extent between ~1 and 1.5 Gyr, and gradually disappears by around 2 Gyr in
age. We then fit our interpolated isochrones by eye to four LMC clusters with
very extended main sequence turnoffs: NGC 1783, 1806, 1846, and 1987. In each
case, stellar populations with a single age and metallicity can comfortably
account for the observed extent of the turnoff region. The new stellar models
predict almost no correlation of turnoff color with rotational vsini: the red
edge of the turnoff is populated by a combination of slow rotators and edge-on
rapid rotators.Comment: 7 pages, 4 figures, 1 table, ApJ accepted. Conclusions unchange
The Age and Age Spread of the Praesepe and Hyades Clusters: a Consistent, ~800 Myr Picture from Rotating Stellar Models
We fit the upper main sequence of the Praesepe and Hyades open clusters using
stellar models with and without rotation. When neglecting rotation, we find
that no single isochrone can fit the entire upper main sequence at the
clusters' spectroscopic metallicity: more massive stars appear, at high
significance, to be younger than less massive stars. This discrepancy is
consistent with earlier studies, but vanishes when including stellar rotation.
The entire upper main sequence of both clusters is very well-fit by a
distribution of 800 Myr-old stars with the spectroscopically measured
[Fe/H]=0.12. The increase over the consensus age of ~600-650 Myr is due both to
the revised Solar metallicity (from to ) and to the lengthening of main sequence lifetimes and increase in
luminosities with rapid rotation. Our results show that rotation can remove the
need for large age spreads in intermediate age clusters, and that these
clusters may be significantly older than is commonly accepted. A
Hyades/Praesepe age of ~800 Myr would also require a recalibration of
rotation/activity age indicators.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures, ApJ accepted. Replaced with accepted version,
conclusions unchange
Spectroscopic Constants and Vibrational Frequencies for l-C3H+ and Isotopologues from Highly-Accurate Quartic Force Fields: The Detection of l-C3H+ in the Horsehead Nebula PDR Questioned
Very recently, molecular rotational transitions observed in the
photon-dominated region of the Horsehead nebula have been attributed to l-C3H+.
In an effort to corroborate this finding, we employed state-of-the art and
proven high-accuracy quantum chemical techniques to compute spectroscopic
constants for this cation and its isotopologues. Even though the B rotational
constant from the fit of the observed spectrum and our computations agree to
within 20 MHz, a typical level of accuracy, the D rotational constant differs
by more than 40%, while the H rotational constant differs by three orders of
magnitude. With the likely errors in the rotational transition energies
resulting from this difference in D on the order of 1 MHz for the lowest
observed transition (J = 4 <- 3) and growing as J increases, the assignment of
the observed rotational lines from the Horsehead nebula to l-C3H+ is
questionable
A systematic study of the inner rotation curves of galaxies observed as part of the GASS and COLD GASS surveys
We present a systematic analysis of the rotation curves of 187 galaxies with
masses greater than 10^10 M_sol, with atomic gas masses from the GALEX Arecibo
Sloan Survey (GASS), and with follow-up long-slit spectroscopy from the MMT.
Our analysis focuses on stellar rotation curves derived by fitting stellar
template spectra to the galaxy spectra binned along the slit. In this way, we
are able to obtain accurate rotation velocity measurements for a factor of 2
more galaxies than possible with the Halpha line. Galaxies with high atomic gas
mass fractions are the most dark-matter dominated galaxies in our sample and
have dark matter halo density profiles that are well fit by Navarro, Frenk &
White profiles with an average concentration parameter of 10. The inner slopes
and of the rotation curves correlate more strongly with stellar population age
than with galaxy mass or structural parameters. At fixed stellar mass, the
rotation curves of more actively star-forming galaxies have steeper inner
slopes than less actively star-forming galaxies. The ratio between the galaxy
specific angular momentum and the total specific angular momentum of its dark
matter halo, R_j, correlates strongly with galaxy mass, structure and gas
content. Low mass, disk-dominated galaxies with atomic gas mass fractions
greater than 20% have median values of R_j of around 1, but massive,
bulge-dominated galaxies have R_j=0.2-0.3. We argue that these trends can be
understood in a picture where gas inflows triggered by disk instabilities lead
to the formation of passive, bulge-dominated galaxies with low specific angular
momentum.Comment: 10 pages, 12 figures, submitted to MNRA
Time-Resolved Spectroscopy with SDSS
We present a brief technical outline of the newly-formed 'Detection of
Spectroscopic Differences over Time' (DS/DT) project. Our collaboration is
using the individual exposures from the SDSS spectroscopic archive to produce a
uniformly-processed set of time-resolved spectra. Here we provide an overview
of the properties and processing of the available data, and highlight the wide
range of time baselines present in the archive.Comment: 2 pages, to appear in proc. IAU Symp. 285, "New Horizons in Time
Domain Astronomy", Oxford, Sept. 201
Ediacaran Macro Body Fossils
This paper, Ediacaran Macro Body Fossils, reports a new discovery of well preserved three dimensional macro body fossils of the Ediacaran Period in central YunNan province in the People's Republic of China. These body fossils will enable more detailed and in-depth exploration of the evolution of multi-cellular macro organisms on this planet, whereas in the past, researches could only rely on cast or imprint fossils
Methodology for Adjusting GPRA Workforce Development Program Performance Targets for the Effects of Business Cycles
The U.S. Department of Labor’s Employment and Training Administration issued Training and Employment Guidance Letter (TEGL) 09-08 Change 1 on June 5, 2009. This guidance letter revises the Government Performance and Results Act (GPRA) performance measures for federal workforce development programs to take into account the effect of the recession on participants’ labor market and educational outcomes. As described in the TEGL, the performance targets of the various workforce development programs have been developed for use for the years PY2008 through PY2010. They are intended to be used for PY2009 performance target negotiations and will appear in the President’s Budget Request for FY2010. The performance targets for future program years, adjusted for unemployment rates, are driven by the economic assumptions of the President’s Budget Request for FY2010. The revised performance targets are based on analysis carried out as part of a study conducted for the U.S. Department of Labor by the W. E. Upjohn Institute for Employment Research. This working paper has two purposes. The first is to describe the methodology used to estimate the relationship between unemployment rates and workforce program performance targets. The second is to describe the procedures used to adjust the GPRA performance targets for changes in unemployment rates during the current recession and over the business cycle. The study described in this working paper is the initial phase of an ongoing analysis of the effect of economic conditions on workforce development program outcomes.performance standards, workforce programs, GPRA
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